The Human Relations Movement Of George Elton Mayo - 949 Words

Managers throughout history have been interested in studying ways to increase productivity. For example, Frederick Taylor began the movement of scientific management in the 1880’s. Scientific management looked to improve productivity through means of scientific analysis of worker’s tasks and work processes rather than the old â€Å"rule of thumb† (Taylor, 1914). Taylor believed that he could maximize worker efficiency and productivity through focusing on workers specific hand motions and patterns. After this period, beginning in about the 1930’s, managers looked to take productivity to yet another level by studying worker physiology and motivation. This new movement came to be known as the human relations movement. George Elton Mayo is credited with founding the human relations movement. Mayo conducted an experiment in the 1920’s and 1930’s know as the Hawthorne study. Two of the main aspects of the study centered around illumination in the work place and varying levels of break time and work hours (Wickstrà ¶m, 2000). The illumination study consisted of four different experiments over the course of three years. In each experiement, there was a control group and a study group. In the varying studies, the researchers experimented with varying levels of light and varying sequences of increasing and decreasing the level of light (â€Å"Hawthorne effect†). Throughout the experiments, researchers would often find patterns of increased productivity, leading them to believe that they hadShow MoreRelatedHuman Problems Of An Industrialized Civilization1460 Words   |  6 PagesElton Mayo was born in South Australia in 1880 and passed away in Guildford, Surrey in 1949. Elton was oriented to follow medicine but finally be a writer. He attained Bachelor degree with great honor, specializing philosophy and psychology and after that was granted Master degree by honor from University of Queensland. He used to play a role as a researcher and a psychologist as well on the committee serving the war at his university. Mayo dedicated a huge contribution to establishing the foundationRead MoreHuman Relation1698 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Relations Theory Introduction The Human Relations Theory of organization came in to existence in 1930s as a reaction to the classical approach to organizational analysis. This is because the classical theorists neglected the human factor in the organization. The Classical theorists took a mechanical view of organization and underemphasized the sociopsychological aspects of individual’s behaviour in organization. It is this critical failure of the classical theory that gave birth to the humanRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Life And Accomplishments1639 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham, his study of dominance and sexuality that was done with monkeys. In 1935 Maslow moved to Columbia University to work with Edward Thorndike. While working with Thorndike he was researching human sexuality. Maslow went to Brooklyn College in 1937 and was there to teach and continuing with his study of human sexuality for the next fourteen years. In 1947, he had had a heart attack, this lead him to leaving teaching and studying to recover . Abraham’s health returned in 1951, from 1951 to 1968 he wasRead MoreHistory of Management Thought - Elton Mayo1620 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION This essay covers the life and key contributions of Elton Mayo, a renowned figure in management science, and how his theories have made a significant impact in management today. BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE ELTON MAYO George Elton Mayo was born in Adelaide, Australia on 26th December 1880. Under heavy family influence, Mayo embarked on a course in medicine. However, he failed an examination which ended his chances of having a medical career. He went on to study philosophy and psychology at TheRead MoreClassical and Neo Classical Theories1300 Words   |  6 Pagestheories: Human Relations theory : Explains the modern advancement of Human Relations Management theory which takes into account human factors like the employer-employee relationship. Human relations theory is largely seen to have been born as a result of the Hawthorne experiments which Elton Mayo conducted at the Western Electrical Company. The important strand in the development of modern management was the increase in attention to the human factors, which has become known as the human relationsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Mayo with Taylor2312 Words   |  10 PagesSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THOUGHT (TAYLOR et al) WITH THOSE OF THE HUAMAN RELTIONS MOVEMENT (MAYO et al) WITH REGARD TO PEOPLE AT WORK. Frederick Winslow Taylor also known as F.W.Taylor and George Elton Mayo have given some important definitions to the management work in the past. F.W.Taylor the Father of Scientific Management opposed the rule of thumb and said that there is only ‘one best way of doing work’ where as Elton Mayo proposed that the importance of groups affects the behaviour of individualsRead MoreHistorical Development and Evolution of Management.996 Words   |  4 Pages. EARLY MANAGEMENT AND THE STUDY OF MANAGEMENT. Although great feats of human achievement such as the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome and the Taj Mahal in India all bear testimony to skilled management in ancient times, the formal study of management only began late in the 19th century. The main driving force behind this development of management as a science was the transition from 19th century â€Å"entrepreneurial capitalism† to early 20th century â€Å"managerialRead MoreThe Theories Of The Scientific Management Theory1047 Words   |  5 Pagessome of the more popular management theories including the Scientific Management Theory by Frederick W. Taylor, Administrative Management Theory by Henri Fayol, Bureaucratic Management Theory by Max Weber, The Hawthorne Studies Human Relations Management Theory by Elton Mayo, the Management Science Theory, and the Organization Environment Theory of Open-Systems developed by Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson. Scientific Management Theory Considered the father of management thought, FrederickRead MoreThe Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century4408 Words   |  18 Pagesconflict, apathy, boredom, and wasted human resources. These concerns lead a number of researchers to examine the discrepancy between how an organisation was supposed to work versus how the workers actually behaved. In addition, factors like World War I, developments in psychology (e.g. Freud) and later the depression, all brought into question some of the basic assumptions of the Scientific Management School. One of the primary critics of the time, Elton Mayo, claimed that this ‘alienation’ stemmedRead MoreAre scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organisations of the 21st century?5670 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿ INTERGRATED BUSINESS Phase 3 Assignment Individual Essay Scientific Management and Human Relations Theory Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Student name: Duong Viet Hoang Class: FB5B Student ID: 1205012124 Hanoi, March 2014 Table of content I. Introduction 1. Scientific management I.1 Definition

The Theory Of Self Disciplined Approach - 1358 Words

Introduction The self disciplined approach is a valuable contribution to the global ethics. This can help to achieve good work place ethics. It is revealed that self discipline can motivate a person to make good choices. This assists a person to do the things ethically correct. It also makes a person more accountable for actions. The self discipline practice is a rigorous practice but it is very important for the ethics management. If the person is willing to eliminate harmful habits, certainly the ethical practices can be implemented easily. This self disciplined approach can be helpful for a person to take action against any unlawful and unethical practice for completing the tasks. The person can sustain the peer pressure for managing ethics and will not compromise with moral principles. The activities chosen by me are attending three yoga classes at a studio, eating healthy foods for one week and abstaining from meat for self. The reasons are illustrated. The yoga classes can brin g in very good results in perspective of maintaining health. Yoga and its cleansing practices can be immensely helpful in effective treatments for various disorders. Yoga is found very effective in increasing flexibility in body. There are many position that stretch body and beneficial for various physical joints of the body. Yoga can increase the lubrication of ligaments, joints and tendons. The body starts feeling very flexible. Yoga can help to message all organs of body. Yoga alsoShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim s Theory Of Anomie1144 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper examines about Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie and its relationship to the field of criminology. Durkheim proposed a theory in order to test different types of norms in societies that cause crime. He explains that social norms are an agreement of some people who live in that geographical location. Conservative societies incline to have less population and be more oppressive. If certain behavior goes against s ocial norms, then severe punishment can ensure to reject the behavior. In oppositeRead MoreMotivation: Management and Human Nature Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesvalue. On the other hand, Coach Knight’s approach was to manage each one through an extreme program. In some situations, Coach K’s style seems more acceptable and effective, but in other cases, Coach Knight’s approach may be more appropriate. According to our textbook, leadership styles can be influenced by one’s belief in motivation and human nature. I think the similarities between Knight and K lie in the facts that they both are passionate, disciplined, and extremely competent. Another main differenceRead MoreLeadership Theory X And Theory Y1420 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Theories The concept of Transformational Leadership was initially introduce be leadership expert and presidential biographer James McGregor Burns (About, 2015). This type of leadership requires for leaders and followers to have a connection like no other where mutual respect and trust has to be the foundation of the working relationship. The idea is that in the end everyone results benefited in one way or another. A different approach on leadership is Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and TheoryRead MoreThe Big Five And Five Factor Models978 Words   |  4 PagesThe Big Five or Five Factor models was originated from the studies on theories of personality traits, representing conceptual and empirical developments in this area, and describe basic human dimensions that are consistent and stable over time. The Big Five model began to be structured at the start of the Decade of 1930, when McDougall suggested analyzing the personality from five independent factors which at that time, were named i ntellect, character, temperament, disposition and mood (Digman, 1990)Read MoreTheoretical Orientation Graphic And Position Paper1008 Words   |  5 PagesOrientation Graphic and Position Paper Shanell Bathersfield conducted a self-assessment. She initially determined that the systems theory was one that she was not comfortable with. Through the last few course weeks, she was able to gain an in-depth perspective on several theories that are impactful in the social work field. The coursework and utilizing Juana and Adelina as case studies, truly gave an exclusive insight on how theories are used to understand the client’s circumstances and improve theirRead MoreClassroom Management Theory Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of the different theories of classroom management. Theories such as Goal Centered Theory [GCT], Cognitive Behavioural Theory [CBT] and Assertive Discipline Theory [AD] facilitate supportive learning environments to offer students superlative conditions to succeed at school. Research recommends the adoption of a single approach to inform and guide a pre-service teachers’ classroom management style; however, a teacher’s belief s, attitudes and values help inform the best approach, whether that is aligningRead MoreHistorical Timeline of Nursing Theorists Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesshe did not publish her work as nursing theory, Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing is presented as the first nursing theory and has directed practice for the past 150 years (George, 2011). Across this span of time, there have been dozens of theorists who have published work complementing the evolution of nursing as both a profession and a science. Despite Nightingale’s identification as the most famous name in nursing (Ellis, 2010), the first recognized theory of nursing was not published until 1952Read MoreShort Note On Critical Thinking Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them. It is a different approach of thinking that is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored and self-corrective thinking. Critical thinking isn’t just knowing and understanding the concepts and teachings of it but applying the knowledge and teachings of critical thinking and using it in the real world. It is also something that can be self-taught and can be learned from other people. People who are great critical thinkers canRead MoreThere Is Much To Be Said About The Various Theoretical1211 Words   |  5 Pageswhich is the best approach for teachers to apply towards the development of children’s learning. 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Self-regulated learning is the conscious planning, monitoring, evaluation, and ultimately control

Productivity And Profitability For Company â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Productivity And Profitability For Company? Answer: Introduction: The company chosen for the assignment is BP, formerly known as British Petroleum, started in 1908 post discovery of oil in Persia, and since then the company has transited from coal, oil, gas, to now finding new sources of energy. The company has its headquarters in London and is headed under the leadership of Bob Dudley(BP, 2017). It is amongst the top 10 largest companies in the oil and gas sector. BP remains controversial even to this day, owing to its multiple oil spills, explosions and environmental hazards. The problem here lies with the management, not givng any attention to the alarms raised by the employees repeatedly, complete disregard for the reports by internal auditors devastated the company. The leaders of the company were neglecting all these claims to be in the good books of the stakeholders, they wanted to increase the productivity and profitability for the company, hence in turn they ended up compromising on the safety procedures.(Zarroli, 2010.) BP has been at the helm of lot of public scrutiny owing to its gulf oil spills, costing them $20Bn as fines to the US govt, (Rushe, 2015) Alaska spill, deepwater horizon spill and many more.The oil spill in the gulf ocean had ruined the ecosystem situated in the Mexican gulf, and the company had to face extreme scrutiny for the same.The company though in order to clean up the mammoth oil spill have hired a SCATS team, which patrol daily on the shore and look for traces of oil (International Resource Journal,2012) Organization Theory: This can be understood as different approaches to understanding organizations, which lays the framework for the code and conduct of the organization ( Turner, 2014). Some of the prominent theories are: Agency Theory: It is a hypothesis which explains the relationship between principals agents in the business. It can also be concerned with resolving problems that can exist in agency relationship due to unaligned goals or different aversion levels of risk (Luger, Mammen Haleblian, 2015) Institutional Theory: This can be understood as a theory on the deeper and stronger aspects of social structure, it considers the processes by which structures, schemes , social norms, routines becomes established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior (Keohane Martin, 2014) Bureaucracy Theory: This theory can be understood in 2 parts , the first one being structuring an organization into a hierarchy and the second being, the organization and its memebrs is governed by clearly defined rational-legal and decision making rules, thus laying the groundwork for the theory (Lianos, 2014). Stakeholder Theory: This is a theory of organizational management business ethics that addresses morales and values in managing an organization. It is a big umbrella which also intakes shareholder theory , which says that the managers have an underlined duty to maximize shareholderss interest (Harrison Wicks, 2013) Stewardship Theory: This theory is an alternate to the agency theory, in this , managers, left on their own, will act as responsible stewards and manage the assets that they control. In this type, the shareholders interest are maximized as the managers are working toward aligning and same goals (Neubaum, 2013) Issues at BP: As mentioned in the introduction , BP has always been into controversy because of its failure to address the concerns and queries rasied in the past , the difficulty and showing complete negligence towards the report of its internal auditors and alarms raised by its employees, have earned them a really bad reputation in the industry(Frontline, 2010) This has also adversely affected its employee branding, although BP has done a lot of Corporate social responsibility work to remove this tarnish from their reputation , but there is still a lot of ground that has to be covered and a lot of work to do in order to avoid such mishappenings in the future or to the least minimize them (Lustgarten, 2010). Such incident can be strictly attributed to mismanagement and it clearly falls under the purview of Agency theory. Aggressive cost cutter CEO-Lord john browne was an engineer and a BP maanger who earned his reputation as the aggressive cost cutter, was promoted to the post of CEO, he was one of the importnt persons to have take BP to the heights it is at now. In the process , he made a lot of decisions which did not go down well in the history , cutting costs for hiring employees , buying cheap inventory for oil exploration etc. All this has lead down to a lot of explosion and spill. Capital expenditures being treated as useless expenditures: A senior manager in an email wrote to the employees , its better to save money for now than for later, resuting in negligent safety practices. Failure in compliance requirement: Alaska oil spills, in the history of world disasters will always be remembered, report says that many a times concerns were raised to the management to get the oil pipelines inspected , but nothing was ever done , the bare minimum was done after the workers went on a strike, it was observed later that the inspectors who were incharge of inspecting the pipelines were not certified and qualified to do the same , hence resulting in explosion later that year(Moon, 2015). It can be attributed to agency theory and overlooking the compliance required. Company being too much top down and not directive: In one of the interview , Mr Hayward( CEO in 2000s ) clearly said that the organizational structure at BP is extensively top down, too directive and people are really not open to listening, this clearly shows a faulty organization structure and hence the practices. The senior management if not open to communication then the entire process goes for a toss and lack of trust prevails in the system. Unhappy shareholders because of falling share prices: Due to all the explosion and oil spill happening , the share prices were falling considerably and the shareholders were extremely unhappy with the way things were going , hence Hayward was removed and a new CEO was brought in , completing neglecting the major issues for all the hazard , example of shareholder theory , where the shareholders interests have to be valued at any cost. Not taking ownership and responsibility for the events: Barring a few leaders , the entire company was trying to cover up for the hazards , the inability to own the mistakes and accountability of their own actions was a serious concern which nobody gave head to, hence resulting in cultural indifferences as well. Analysis: It is a no brainer that all the hazards which happened at BP were a simple failure of organizational structure and poor management. The lack of communication among the managers , the fear of senior management, absence of effective communication , giving no heads to the alarm raised by the team members, no accountability for the actions and to shy away from ones own responsibility is the major cause of all the mishappening. It can also be said that the leaders were not at all , in the minutest capacity effective or responsible to change the culture of 100 year old organization , they were all dogmatic and non persuasive and non communicators , who were only focused on increasing the shareholders interest and money, in the process neglecting processes/operations/safety concerns environmental hazards(Goldenberg, 2011). It is a failure in leadership which led to such big disasters, the inability to communicate and change the culture by the leaders and senior management is the biggest le sson BP have learnt (Cooks, 2010) In BP corporate culture, it is a mix of agency theory and stewardship theory , both of which are opposite to each other. Stewardship says to leave the managers to do their duty and they will in all their capacity focus on the development of the company and its people, with no/least control from the directors, and are allowed to take their own decisions, which is absolutely perfect, but in presence of agency theory wherin the principal directors take all the call and managers are puppets in the hands of the directors, this led them to not raise any concern to the management and ignore all the alarms raised by the employees in order to safeguard themselves against the possible wrath in foront of the directors, is the most important reason for all the hazards happened at BP and an example of overpowering Agency theory. Recommendation to Leaders at BP: Difficult situations/Crisis expose dysfunctional organizational cultures:BPs strategy of dealing with difficult situation by trying to spin it off and not tackling it as a haed on, lead to a lot of distrust and resentment in public eyes, what should be done in such situations is to face them and fix the problem where it erupted. Leaders are there to serve the company, people and communities One of the best qualities for the leaders is to think beyond themselves and work towards a bigger goal , making the company big , people happy and communities strong , no matter at whatever cost , but this perpetual pursuit towards serving can only keep a company strong, successful and powerful. Leaders need to work together and develop synergies: Leaders have to create synergies among other members and work towards overall development of all. Leaders should be pro-active in assesing any situation or company performance and should be the first person to act and guide the entrie organization, and at the same time keep the directors aligned and informed. Effective communication: Communication is pivotal to any organization, effective communication is what ideally should be in any company. Its the duty of the management to lay the importance of communication in their teams and in the entire company. It should be strictly independent of organization structure, hierarchy, culture, management approach, etc, the communication should be free flowing and their should always be a door for redressal of grievances. References: Turner, M.E 2014, Groups at work: Theory and research, Psychology Press. Luger, J, Mammen, J Haleblian, J 2015, Security Analaysts' Influence on Acquisition Decisions: A Joint Agency and Legitimacy Theory Approach, Sage publications. Keohane, R.O Martin, L.L 2014, Institutional theory as a research program, The Realism Reader, p.320. Lianos, I 2014, A bureaucracy theory of the interaction between competition law and state activities, Stanford University Press. Harrison, J.S. Wicks, A.C 2013, Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance, Business ethics quarterly, 23(1), pp.97-124. Neubaum, D.O 2013, Stewardship theory. Encyclopaedia of management theory, pp.768-769. 2017, About us, Available at https://www.bp.com/, last viewed on 13 September 2017. Zarroli, J 2010, Before gulf spill, BP CEO Tony Hayward won praise, last viewed on 13th September 2017, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127884525. Frontline. 2010, The spill, last viewed on 13th September 2017, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/the-spill/bp-troubled-past/ Lustgarten.A 2010, Years of internal BP probes warned that neglect could lead to accidents, last viewed on 13th Septemebr 2017, https://www.propublica.org/article/years-of-internal-bp-probes-warned-that-neglect-could-lead-to-accidents Moon, M 2015, BPs oil rigs just got their own internet of things, last viewed on 14th September, https://www.engadget.com/2015/07/09/bp-oil-well-ge-predix-software/ International Resource Journal, 2012, BP:Public scrutiny and recovery efforts in the aftermath of oil spill, last viewed on 14th septemebr 2017, https://www.internationalresourcejournal.com/bp_public_scrutiny_and_recovery_efforts_in_the_aftermath_of_the_/ Cooks, E 2010, BP: The inside story, last viewed on 14th septemebr 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/4e228e56-84ae-11df-9cbb-00144feabdc0 Goldenberg, S 2011, BP oil spill blamed on management communication failures, last viewed on 14th Septemebr 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/02/bp-oil-spill-failures Rushe, D 2015, BP set to pay largest environmental file in US history for gulf oil spill, last viewed on 14th September 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/02/bp-will-pay-largest-environmental-fine-in-us-history-for-gulf-oil-spill

Sonic Franchise Essay Sample free essay sample

In 1954. Troy Smith established Sonic as a exclusive proprietary under another name and latter went on to get down up a partnership with Charlie Patton. There are four types of concern ownerships. exclusive proprietary. general partnership. franchise. and corporation. What are the differences between the four types of concern ownerships? If Sonic had remained a exclusive proprietary. would it hold grown every bit big as it is today? What advantages and disadvantages did Sonic travel through in each signifier of concern ownership? What makes one restaurant franchise more successful than other eatery franchises in the fast nutrient industry? Sole ownership is when no more than one individual owns and operates the company they have completed said sing the concern ( Nickels 2013 ) . In a exclusive proprietary should the company be unsuccessful. the proprietor is to the full responsible and suffers full loss. In a general partnership. both proprietors are accountable for the running and s uccess of the concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonic Franchise Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Should the company non win. both are responsible for the bills/operating disbursal of the company. When it comes to franchising. several different people own franchised concerns but have to stay by the regulations set out by the proprietor/creator of the company. If one of the franchises should neglect. the company may lose a per centum of money they have been having from that shop. but merely a part from that peculiar franchise. The individual who franchised. or bought into the company loses what they put into the company to get down their franchised concern. Corporations are a whole other narrative. if they fail. the investors and everyone else involved stand to lose a great trade of money non merely from their stocks because they will be worthless. but because the owner/s of the company are non held apt for any of the concerns loses. If Sonic had remained a exclusive proprietary. it would non hold become every bit big as it is at this clip. They would non hold been capable to incorporate entree to the capital needed to turn and spread out. They would hold been able to turn by a little figure of shops ; and they would non hold been able to turn at the speed they did. Sonic went through advantages and disadvantages when they went through each signifier of ownership. The advantages of sonic being a sole owned concern are the proprietor enjoyed the benefits of being his ain foreman. keeping of net incomes. and no particular revenue enhancements ( Nickels 2013 ) . The disadvantages are he had limited fundss. limitless liability. and limited growing potency. With general partnership. the advantages were shared fundss. shared liability. and better growing potency. The disadvantages of general partnership were limitless liability to both spouses. division of net incomes. and trouble of expiration. The advantages Sonic has had with franchise is a name recognized throughout the state. personal ownership. fiscal advice helping. and assist with direction and selling. The disadvantages of franchising are modulating the directors. limitations on selling. high start-up fees. and net income sharing. Sonics’ advantages of integrating are size. separation of ownership from direction. easiness of ownership. limited liability. and the ability to raise mone y for investing. The disadvantages of integrating are dual revenue enhancement. extended paperwork. initial costs. and possible struggle with the board of managers and shareholders. The thing that makes one restaurant more successful than other restaurants would be. location. selling. word of oral cavity. nutrient quality. service. monetary value. and the people stand foring the company. Location is of import because if the eating house is out of the manner. it will be harder to happen and less likely to be visited by travellers. Selling is of import because it helps to advance the company. Word of is even better than customary advertisement because if you here the nutrient is high quality from person who has eaten there you are more likely to see and see for yourself. Service is of import because if you as a client do non like the service. you will non return and are more likely traveling to state others about the hapless service you received doing them non to see the constitution every bit good. Price is besides a factor because there are many more lower income households than higher income out at that place. Meaning the lower income households can merely afford to eat out at certain constitutions that offer great nutrient at low-cost monetary values with their households. In decision: sonic has been in concern since 1954 and has grown from exclusive ownership into a successful public held corporation. They have been successful in portion because of they are able to supply great nutrient at sensible monetary values so most people are able to afford to eat out. They have a low operating expense because their dinner is your vehicle. so they do non hold to worry about the clean up from their clients. Mentions Nickels. ( 2013 ) Understand concern 10th erectile dysfunction. . cp. 5. pgs. 134. 117. 119 Video Case ( Dec. 7 ) Sonic is dining!